Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Writing. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Writing. Mostrar todas las entradas

sábado, 25 de abril de 2015

Writing Test Tasks: Task Types VIII (descriptions)




Describing places:

A descriptive composition about  a place should consist of :a) an introduction in which  you give  the name and location and the reason for choosing it; b) a main body in which you describe the main aspects in detail; and c) a conclusion which includes your comments/feelings and/or recommendations.

Write a similar description about a place, similar to the one studied in class,  in about 200 words improving the mistakes that have been already corrected in other formative works .
To give the reader a more vivid picture of the place at the moment  you are describing, you can refer to the senses ( sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch): Visitors can watch the moonrise over the mountains, or hear the sound of church bells ringing, enjoy a fresly-ground cup of coffee,remember the aromas of exotic herbs and spices, or relax in the soothing warm waters of the river.
 


Describing people:

When we describe people, we mention aspects of their appearance. Look at the
following questions to ask about physical appearance.
(Cuando describimos personas, mencionamos aspectos sobre la apariencia. Revisa
las siguientes preguntas que te ilustrarán acerca de cómo se preguntan aspectos de
la apariencia física.)
To describe people we usually mention:
(Para describir personas, nosotros usualmente nos referimos a:)
a Height: short, of medium height, tall
(Estatura: bajo, de estatura mediana, alto)
b Weight: thin, slim, well-built, chubby, overweight, fat, plump, of medium build
(Peso: Delgado, esbelto, fornido, gordito, obeso, gordo, regordete, de peso medio)
c Age: young, old, middle-aged, in her/his twenties, thirties
(Edad: joven, viejo, de mediana edad, en sus veintes, treintas)
d Complexion: pale, light, fair, dark, olive-skinned, olive skin tone
(Complexión: tez blanca, claro, rubio, de piel aceitunada)
e Hair – length: short, medium length, long
(Cabello – longitud): corto, mediano, largo)
f Hair – color: blond, red, grey, dark
(Cabello – color: rubio, pelirojo, gris, oscuro)
g Hair – type: straight, wavy, curly, bald, shaved head
(Cabello – tipo: lacio, ondulado, chino, calvo, de cabeza afeitada)
h Eyes - color: blue, green, brown, black
(Ojos – color: azules, verdes, cafés, oscuros)
i Eyes – size: big, small, slanting
(Ojos – tamaño: grandes, pequeños, sesgados)
j Nose - size: big, small
(Nariz – tamaño: grande, pequeño)
k Nose – shape: flat, hooked, turned-up
(Nariz – forma: plana, aguileña, respingona)
l Lips - shape: full, thin
(Labios – figura: gruesos, delgados)
m Other features: mustache, beard, glasses, wrinkles, freckles, pretty, handsome,
good-looking
(Otras características: bigote, barba, con lentes, con arrugas, pecoso, bonita, guapo,
atractivo)
*It is not polite to say to people that they are thin, chubby or fat. For further reference,
check the files “Describing people and things”, “Parts of the body”, and “Colors”
in the section Glossaries.
(No es correcto decir a las personas que son flacos (as), gorditos (as) o gordos (as).
Para mayor referencia, consulta los archivos “Describing people and things”,
“Parts of the body”, y “Colors” en la sección de

Writing Test Tasks: Type VII (nformal emails/letters)

 http://st1.bgr.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/email.jpg

 How to write informal letters or emails

Salutation or Greeting

  • Start with Dear followed by the first name of the person to whom you are writing. In emails, you can also start with Hi (and the person's name). Dear Ben,  or  Hi Ben,
    (Don't forget to use only the first name of the person you are writing to and not Dear Mr John, which is never used, or Dear Mr John Brown, which sounds too formal.)
  • Informal letters sometimes have a comma after the person's name, and the letter starts on the line below. The important thing is to be consistent with the style that you choose to use (so if you use a comma after the person's name at the start of the letter, use a comma after the closing statement at the end).

Body

Openings
When writing an informal letter, you are usually replying to another letter. You would normally start with a greeting, then acknowledge the letter to which you are replying. It is often a good idea to acknowledge some key information given in the original letter too. You can also make a comment on your own reply.
Useful phrases for the opening
  • How are you? / How have the family been? / I hope you are well.
  • Thank you / Many thanks for your (recent/last) letter / postcard.
  • It was good / nice / great to hear from you again.
  • I was so surprised to hear that...
  • I’m sorry I haven’t written / haven't been in touch for such a long time.
  • It’s ages since I’ve heard from you. I hope you're well / you and your family are well.
  • How are things? / How are you? / How’s it going?
Other useful phrases
Referring to news
  • Great news about … Glad to hear that … Sorry to hear about …
Giving news
  • Listen, did I tell you about …? You’ll never believe what …
  • Oh, and another thing … This is just to let you know that …
  • I thought you might be interested to hear about / know that …
  • By the way, have you heard about / did you know that …?
Apologies
  • I’m writing to apologise for missing your party but I’m afraid I was with flu.
  • I’m really sorry that I forgot to send you a birthday card but I was busy with my new job.
Invitations
  • I’m / We’re having a party on Friday 19th and I / we hope you’ll be able to come.
  • Would you like to come / go to see ‘Room With a View’ with me at the weekend?
  • I was wondering if you’d like to go to the theatre / come on holiday with us.
  • Could you let me / us know if you can come / you’d like to join us?
  • Thank you very much for your invitation. I’d love to come.
  • Thank you for asking / inviting me to … but I’m afraid I won’t be able to …
Requests
  • I’m writing to ask for your help / you (if you could do me) a favour.
  • I wonder if / I was wondering if you could help me / do me a favour.
  • I hope you don’t mind me asking but could you (possibly) …?
  • I’d be very / really / terribly grateful if you could …
Thank you / Congratulations / Good Luck
  • I’m writing to thank you for your hospitality / the wonderful present.
  • It was so kind of you to invite me to stay with you.
  • I really appreciated all your help / advice.
  • Congratulations on passing your exams / your excellent exam results!
  • I wish you good luck / Good luck in / with your exams / your driving test / your interview.
  • Don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll do well / pass.
  • Do be on time, won’t you, and don’t forget to …
Making suggestions and recommendations
  • Why don’t you …? / Maybe you could …? / How about …?
  • You can’t leave New York without (...doing sth)
  • I’m sure you will enjoy (...doing sth). If you like, we can …
  • Do visit ... / Don’t forget to ... 

Closing

The end of your letter is as important as the beginning. There are some standard ways of finishing an informal letter or email.
  • Give a reason why you're ending the letter: Anyway, I must go and get on with my work! / I guess it's time I got on with that studying I've been avoiding.
  • Send greetings and/or make reference for future contact: Give my love / regards to... / Say hello to... / Anyway, don't forget to let me know the dates of the party. / I'll try and phone you at the weekend to check the times. / We must try and meet up soon. / I can't wait to hear from you / Look forward to seeing you again / Hope to hear from you soon / See you soon / Write soon
  • Closing statement such as Love, Lots of love, All the best, Take care, Best wishes, should be written on a new line. If you used a comma after the opening greeting, use a comma here too.
  • Signing off: Your first name then follows on another new line.

Writing Test Tasks: TypeVI (Formal letters/emails)


http://www.emaservicios.com.ar/imagenes/v2_cartero.jpg
Introduction (Writing formal letters and emails)

Writing formal letters is a necessary skill that you need for most ESL or EFL exams at Intermediate Level and above.

Examples:

- You are given an article to read from a newspaper. You write to the newspaper disagreeing with the article.
- You write to complain about something.
- You write making suggestions about something.
- You write requesting information.
- You write giving information.
- You write requesting permission.

Useful phrases (Writing formal letters and emails)

a) Writing formal letters generally:

Greetings:


- Dear Sir
- Dear Madam
- Dear Sir/Madam
- Dear Mr Brown
- Dear Ms Jones etc.

Reason for writing:- I am writing in response to your article/advertisement/letter
- I am writing with regard to your article/advertisement/letter
- I am writing regarding your article/advertisement/letter
- I am writing on behalf of

Ending the letter:- I look forward to receiving your reply
- I look forward to your reply
- I look to hearing from you
- I am, yours faithfully (if you don't know the name of the person you are writing to)
- I am, yours sincerely (if you know the name of the person you are writing to)
- Yours faithfully
- Yours sincerely

Formal English letters are quickly being replaced by email. However, the formal letter structure you learn can still be applied to business emails and other formal emails. Follow these structure tips to write effective formal business letters and emails.

Formal Letter Structure: Block Format
Formal letters written in block format place everything on the left hand side of the page. Place the your address or your company's address at the top of the letter on the left (or use your company's letterhead) followed by the address of the person and / or company you are writing to placed on the left side of the page. Hit the key return a number of times and use the date.

Formal Letter Structure: Standard Format
In formal letters written in standard format place your address or your company's address at the top of the letter on the right. Place the address of the person and / or company you are writing on the left side of the page. Place the date on the right hand side of the page in alignment with your address.

Formal Letter Structure: Basic Structure
First Paragraph
The first paragraph of formal letters should include an introduction to the purpose of the letter.
Body Paragraphs
The second and following paragraphs should provide the main information of the letter, and build on the main purpose in the introductory first paragraph.
Final Paragraph
The final paragraph should shortly summarize the intent of the formal letter and end with some call to action.
The Start
Dear Mr, Ms (Mrs, Miss) - if you know the name of the person you are writing to. Use Dear Sir / Madam if you do not know the name of the person you are writing to, or To Whom it May Concern
VERY IMPORTANT: Always use Ms for women unless you are specifically requested to use Mrs or Miss

Formal Letter Structure: Beginning Your Letter
Starting with a 'Thank You'
Formal letters are often begun by thanking someone. This is especially true when writing in response to an inquiry of some kind. Here are some useful phrases:
Thank you for your letter of (date) inquiring about ...
We would like to thank you for your letter of (date) asking for / requesting information about ...
In response to your letter of (date), we would like to thank you for your interest in ...
Examples
I would like to thank you for your letter of January 22nd requesting information about our new line of lawn mowers.
In response to your letter of October 23, 1997, we would like to thank you for your interest in our new line of products.

Reason for Writing
If you are beginning correspondence with someone about something, or asking for information, begin by providing a reason for writing:
I am writing to inform you about ...
I am writing to ask / inquire about ...
Examples
I am writing to ask about information for small businesses.
I am writing to inform you that we have not yet received payment for ...

Asking for Help
Use the following phrases to ask for help:
I would be grateful if you could + verb
Would you mind + verb + ing
Would it be to much to ask that ...
Examples
I would be grateful if you could send me a brochure.
Would you mind telephoning me during the next week.
Would it be to much to ask that our payment be postponed for two weeks.

Offering Help
The following phrases are used to offer help:
I would be happy to + verb
We would be pleased to + verb
Examples
I would be happy to answer any questions you have.
We would be pleased to assist you in finding a new location.

Enclosing Documents
In some formal letters you will need to include documents or other information. Use the following phrases to draw attention to any enclosed documents you might have included.
Enclosed please find + non
Enclosed you will find ... + noun
We enclose ... + noun
Examples
Enclosed you will find a copy of our brochure.
Enclosed please find a copy of our brochure.
We enclose a brochure.
Closing Remarks
Always finish a formal letter with some call to action, or reference to a future outcome you desire. Some of the options include:
A referral to a future meeting:
I look forward to meeting / seeing you
I look forward to meeting you next week.
An offer of further help
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions regarding this matter.
If you need any further assistance please contact me.
Finishing
Sign the letter with:
Yours faithfully,
Yours sincerely,

for formal letters OR
Best wishes
Best regards


Make sure to sign your letter by hand followed by your typed name.
Link:

http://www.angelfire.com/blues/cristiarnau/Guidewrit.htm#informal

lunes, 23 de marzo de 2015

Writing Test tasks: Task types V (essays)

https://dontpanictrent.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/books.jpg

Introduction and tips (Writing essays)

- ANSWER THE QUESTION
- PLAN your essay
- REVISE your essay to correct mistakes.
- 4 or 5 PARAGRAPHS, with Introduction and Conclusion
- The first paragraph should be a general introduction to the subject
- Develop your arguments in the middle paragraphs
- Give reasons to support your argument
- Use a variety of discussive words and phrases
- Give examples where possible
- Use formal language
- Don't use contractions (we're, I've etc.)
- Sum up your argument in the final paragraph
- The final paragraph is the best place to express your opinion clearly.

Useful Phrases (Writing articles)
Presenting two advantages or disadvantages together:
- not only … but … also
- not only … but also

Presenting two opposing views:
- on the one hand, on the other hand

Expressing Contrast:

- 
nevertheless
- even so
- even though
- however
- in spite of
- despite
- but
- although

Expressing results:
- because of this
- therefore
- thus
- as a result
- for this reason
- consequently

Giving examples:
- such as
- like
- for example
- for instance

Expressing the opinion of someone else:

- some people say
- some people say that
- many people say
- many people say that
- people often say
- it is said
- it is said that
- according to
An example of an essay:
http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/fce/students/writing/makeover/makeover9.htm
http://www.buowl.boun.edu.tr/teachers/sample%20student%20essays/sample%20student%20essays.htm

Writing Test tasks: Task types IV (reviews)

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL01ViwYCRpGxJEucFiZJUVY4ijr11RAt_nTwFWBmNZhpwbFSkUAN8IheKVFvIobaU_brkoozZkSG53fmFG_Te4hDFHJqEFRa7pfEoqccqPeYa28NZ0POKAL_xnvJytZU_gySODroknAXC/s1600/c41068_Movie-Poster-2001-A-Space-Odyssey.jpg
Introduction and tips (Writing reviews)

 - ANSWER THE QUESTION
 - PLAN your review.
 - Make sure you have at least 4 paragraphs.
 - Choose an appropriate title.
 - The introduction will talk about what's being reviewed.
 - Use a relaxed, friendly, chatty style.
 - You can use contractions such as I'm, I've etc..
 - Use a new paragraph for each point you want to make.
 - Give your opinion.
 - In the concluding paragraph give your opinion.

Useful phrases (Writing reviews)

What I liked

 - What I liked most was …..
 - The thing I liked most was ….
  - I was pleasantly surprised by …..
 - ….. would appeal to …..
 - If you get a chance to ….

What I disliked - What I disliked most was …..
 - I was disappointed by ……
 - I was disappointed with …..
 - I was very disappointed by …..
 - I was very disappointed with ….

Reviews of books: - main character
 - is set in
 - comedy
 - science fiction
 - thriller
 - romance
 - comedy:
 - author
 - written by
 - chapter
 - factual
 - fiction
 - unbelievable

Introduction and tips (Writing reviews)

Reviews of films, tv programmes, plays:
 - lead role
 - star role
 - star
 - star actor
 - star actress
 - starring
 - secondary role
 - He plays a …….
 - She plays a …….
 - written by ….
 - is set in …..
 - based on a true story …..
 - believable
 - true to life
 - not very believable
 - far-fetched
 - comedy
 - romance
 - science fiction
 - ending

Reviews of hotels, restaurants, etc:
 - location
 - service
 - setting
 - attractive setting
 - disappointing setting
 - owned by
 - run by
 - head chef (restaurant)
 - waiters (restaurant)
 - staff …….
 - staff at reception …….(hotel)
 - hotel facilities ….
 - reasonable prices …..
 - good value for money …..
 - excellent value for money …..
 - expensive
 - a bit expensive
 - overpriced
 - not worth the money
 - poor value for money
 - always fully booked
 - book in advance
Task: Write a review for a film you have seen recently, an art exhbition, a theatre play  on DVD or at the cinema. The best reviews will go in the school magazine. Review the book giving your opinion and saying whether or not you would recommend it.

Write your review in 120-180 words in an appropriate style.

Writing Test tasks: Task types III (articles)

http://soshable.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Journalist.jpg

An article for a magazine

Tips for articles:


  • ANSWER THE QUESTION
  • PLAN your article.
  • Give your article a title.
  • Make sure you have at least 4 paragraphs.
  • Ask rhetorical questions to get your readers' attention. Eg. What would the world be like without oil? What will life be like in 20 years time?
  • Speak directly to your readers. Eg. Let's just imagine some of the possibilities.
  • Give examples where appropriate.
  • Use humour where appropriate
  • Give a conclusion and summary in the last paragraph.
  • Finally, give your opinion where appropriate.
  • REVISE your article to correct mistakes.

Useful phrases for ESL Article Writing


Rhetorical phrases:


  • Have you ever ........?
  • What do you think about ........?
  • Are you one of those people who thinks that ......?
  • Are you one of those people who .......?
  • What would life be like if ......?
  • Will the future bring us ..... ?

Introducing your first point:


  • Firstly
  • In the first place
  • First of all
  • The first thing to consider is
  • One thing to consider is
  • To begin with

Introducing more points:


  • Secondly
  • Another consideration
  • Yet another consideration
  • Another thing to consider is
  • Added to that
  • Apart from that
  • In addition to this

Introducing your final points:


  • In conclusion
  • To conclude
  • To sum up
  • So

Introducing your opinion:


  • I think
  • In my opinion
  • Personally I believe that
  • In my view
  • If you ask me
  • To my mind
  • My personal opinion is

Writing Test tasks: Task types II (stories)


https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/ac/e6/fc/ace6fcd1aa540ea7643848f485e1530c.jpg
See Task Types I for general advice



If you choose story
 - use title or first sentence to guide you
 - ask yourself questions Who…? Where…? When…? Why…?How did I/he/they feel? What happened in the end?
 
- plan your story before you write


Writing stories – useful phrases
Time phrases:
 - It all began
 - Shortly afterwards
 - Meanwhile
 - Not long afterwards
 - Some time later
 - Later that day
 - A little later
 - Finally
 - In the end
 - Eventually
 

Phrases for dramatic effect:
 - Suddenly
 - All of a sudden
 - Without warning
 - Just at that moment
 - Quite unexpectedly
 

Direct speech:
 - “…..”, said Fred
 - “…..”, shouted Fred
 - “…..”, screamed Fred
 - “…..”, whispered Fred
 - “…..”, announced Fred.
 - ”…..”, thought Fred
 - “…..”, cried Fred
 - “…..”, promised Fred


Concluding stories:
 - When it was all over
 - In the end
 - After everything that had happened
 

Sample Questions – writing stories
 

1. Your English teacher has asked you to write a story with the title:
A day in the city.
Write your story in about 100 words
 

2. Your teacher has asked you to write a story beginning with this sentence.
When the taxi arrived Susan was ready, dressed in her very best clothes.
Write your story in about 100 words.
 

3. Your teacher has asked you to write a story beginning with this sentence.
It was 5 in the morning and there was a knock at the door.
Write your story in about 100 words.

Writing Test tasks: Task types I (letters)

http://resources1.news.com.au/images/2014/04/10/1226880/109969-d58cdbb6-c074-11e3-b362-fbc371d40a1d.jpg

Essentials for good answers

1. Answer the question
2. Plan
3. Use paragraphs
4. Revise your work

Make sure you answer the question exactly and no more.

It is essential to plan your writing. This should take at least 10 minutes to plan for each question.
In a relatively short piece of writing you will need 4 or 5 paragraphs. The first paragraph will be your introduction. Paragraphs 2, 3 and perhaps 4, will contain the body of your answer, and the last paragraph your concluding comments.

Allow at least 5 minutes for each question to check your answer. Look out for silly mistakes with tenses, word order, spellings etc.

Advice
 - read instructions carefully
 - choose the one you like best
If you choose letter
 - plan your letter
 - write about the topic and nothing else
 - answer all the questions asked by your friend

 Always
 - plan
 - use separate paragraphs
 - read through to correct grammar or spelling mistakes
 - write approximately the number of words asked for, or nearly 100, but not many more

Useful phrases for letters
Informal Letters - Greetings:

 - Dear Jim
 - Hello Jim
 - Hi Jim
Introductory sentences for letters:
 - How's it going?
 - How are you?
 - How are things with you?
 - How are things?
 - Thank you for your letter
 - It was good to receive your letter
An informal letter referring to good news:
 - Glad to hear about
 - I'm really glad to hear about
 - I'm very happy to hear about
 - I was very happy to read about
 - Great news about your
An informal letter referring to bad news:
 - I'm sorry to hear about
 - I'm very sorry to hear about
 - Sorry to read about
Goodbye sentences for letters:
 - Well, time to go
 - Well, it's time to go
 - Well, got to go
 - Write soon
 - Make sure you write soon
 - Love
 - Lots of love
 - All my love
 - Will write again soon

Sample Questions – writing letters

Here are some samples od tasks on writing letters.
1. You have joined a social site on the internet. Write a description of yourself to put on your page.
Remember to include:
 - your personal details, for example, name and age
 - what you do or study
 - things you like doing
You can write up to 140 words.

2. You receive a letter from your penfriend, Susan. Part of it says:
Tell me all about the job you did during the school holidays.
Tell her about the following:
 - where the job was
 - what kind of work you did
 - your workmates
 -what you thought of it
 - something unexpected that happened
 - what you did
Write your letter in up to 130 words.

3. This is part of a letter you receive from an English penfriend.
I wanted to buy some shoes this afternoon but I had to go shopping for food in the supermarket instead., which I detest. Do you like shopping? Are there any good shops near you?
Write a letter answering your penfriend’s questions.
Write up to 130 words.

Writing Test tasks: Linking words (II)

Here is a list of some of the most common linking words: